Transient synchronization stability analysis of multi‑parallel grid‑following voltage source converters considering the coupling effects of phase‑locked loop and current control

Qiuting Tan; Hongling Zhuang; Weiqing Liu

Transient synchronization stability analysis of multi‑parallel grid‑following voltage source converters considering the coupling effects of phase‑locked loop and current control

Qiuting Tan

Hongling Zhuang

Weiqing Liu

Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 139-152, Jan. 2026

10.1007/s43236-025-01060-y

Voltage source converter

Multiple parallel systems

Phase-locked loop

Current-loop

Lyapunov direct method

Transient synchronization stability

Abstract

A severe voltage plunge can cause transient instability in a grid-following voltage source converter (VSC), posing a serious challenge to power systems security. Although the transient synchronous stability of VSCs based on phase-locked loops (PLLs) has shown promising results, the current-loop control significantly affects the transient synchronous stability of VSCs and needs to be further studied. Therefore, the transient synchronization behavior in a multi-parallel grid-following VSC is explored by considering the interaction between the current-loop and the PLL. First, a sixth-order nonlinear model is constructed by considering the interaction of the PLL and the current-loop control. Furthermore, the impact of the currentloop control effect on the transient synchronous stability of VSCs is analyzed intuitively by the equal area criterion method. Based on the extended application of Lyapunov's method, damping approximate dissipation is subsequently included in calculating the critical energy value, and the corresponding stability criterion is derived. The instability risk of system operation under various stability-oriented factors is also assessed. Finally, simulation results verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.

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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

Q. Tan, H. Zhuang, W. Liu, "Transient synchronization stability analysis of multi‑parallel grid‑following voltage source converters considering the coupling effects of phase‑locked loop and current control," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 139-152, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01060-y.

[ACM Style]

Qiuting Tan, Hongling Zhuang, and Weiqing Liu. 2026. Transient synchronization stability analysis of multi‑parallel grid‑following voltage source converters considering the coupling effects of phase‑locked loop and current control. Journal of Power Electronics, 26, 1, (2026), 139-152. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01060-y.