Pulse self‑heating strategy for low‑temperature batteries based on bidirectional charging systems

Zhi Li; Nan Wang

Pulse self‑heating strategy for low‑temperature batteries based on bidirectional charging systems

Zhi Li

Nan Wang

Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1136-1147, Jun. 2025

10.1007/s43236-024-00947-6

Lithium-ion batteries

Pulse self-heating

Bidirectional charging system

Variable amplitude and constant voltage

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) exhibit poor performance at low temperatures, and experience enormous trouble for regular charging. Therefore, LiBs must be pre-heated at low temperatures before charging, which is essential to improve their life cycle and available capacity. Recently, pulse heating approaches have emerged due to their fast-heating speed and good temperature consistency. This paper investigates the effects of different current excitation conditions, including the current waveform, root mean square (RMS) value, frequency, and duty cycle on pulse heating based on a bidirectional charging system for LiB heating performance. Based on this, this paper proposes an online variable amplitude and constant voltage (VACV) pulse self-heating strategy, and the effects of these conditions on LiB heating performance are compared through experiments. The proposed strategy can pre-heat a LiB within 600 s from −20 ℃ to 5 ℃ and has little adverse effect on the life cycle of the LiB. Particularly, the proposed self-heating strategy achieves real-time current adaptation and is easier to implement than other methods.

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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

Z. Li and N. Wang, "Pulse self‑heating strategy for low‑temperature batteries based on bidirectional charging systems," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1136-1147, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00947-6.

[ACM Style]

Zhi Li and Nan Wang. 2025. Pulse self‑heating strategy for low‑temperature batteries based on bidirectional charging systems. Journal of Power Electronics, 25, 6, (2025), 1136-1147. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00947-6.