Pseudo‑random orthogonal square wave signal injection for sensorless IPMSM drives with noise reduction

Qinglun Chen; Yuxiang Wu; Xiaohong Wang; Lin Zhou; Yu Liang

Pseudo‑random orthogonal square wave signal injection for sensorless IPMSM drives with noise reduction

Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 1256-1271, Jul. 2025

10.1007/s43236-024-00970-7

Permanent magnet synchronous motor

Sensorless control

Noise reduction

Orthogonal square-wave injection

Power Spectral Density

Abstract

The high-frequency (HF) voltage injection technique is widely employed for estimating the rotor position in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) during low-speed operation. However, the use of fixed-frequency voltage injection generates significant audible noise, limiting its broader application potential. The optimal solution for this problem is designing injected signals via current power spectral density (PSD) analysis. In this way, acoustic noise reduction can be achieved by eliminating the discrete harmonics of the current PSD. To eliminate the discrete harmonics, a pseudo-random HF (PRHF) orthogonal square wave signal injection method is proposed in this paper. The PRHF signal is executed by randomly selecting and injecting square wave signals from a pair of distinct frequencies, where the injected signal is adjusted once each quarter period. Descriptions of the injected signals and a comparative analysis of the current PSD are carried out among the full-period-switch (FPS) PRHF, half-period-switch (HPS) PRHF, and quarter-period-switch (QPS) PRHF. Comparison results show that the QPS-PRHF scheme successfully eliminates all of the discrete harmonics in the noise spectrum, reducing the acoustic noise. The effectiveness and practicality of the algorithm are verified by experimental results.

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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

Q. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Wang, L. Zhou, Y. Liang, "Pseudo‑random orthogonal square wave signal injection for sensorless IPMSM drives with noise reduction," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1256-1271, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00970-7.

[ACM Style]

Qinglun Chen, Yuxiang Wu, Xiaohong Wang, Lin Zhou, and Yu Liang. 2025. Pseudo‑random orthogonal square wave signal injection for sensorless IPMSM drives with noise reduction. Journal of Power Electronics, 25, 7, (2025), 1256-1271. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00970-7.