State‑of‑charge fast balancing control method based on simplified calculation for modular multilevel converter–battery energy storage systems

Zhan Liu; Kai Zhang; Daopeng Ren; Junru Chen; Weiling Pu; Guifeng Wang

State‑of‑charge fast balancing control method based on simplified calculation for modular multilevel converter–battery energy storage systems

Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 468-481, Feb. 2026

10.1007/s43236-025-01081-7

MMC-BESS

DC component suppression

SOC balancing

Abstract

The Modular Multilevel Converter–Battery Energy Storage System typically requires the deployment of numerous submodules in large-scale power storage applications. Maintaining the balance of the state of charge (SOC) among the batteries in these submodules has traditionally depended on accurately calculating the average SOC of the batteries in each phase. However, this substantially increases computational complexity given a large number of submodules and thereby slows down SOC balancing. To address this technical challenge, this paper innovatively proposes a new balancing control strategy for the SOC of sub-module batteries. This strategy adopts the extreme values of the SOCs of all battery units as the reference for balancing control and replaces real-time average calculations with a one-time computation. This approach greatly reduces the consumption of computational resources and accelerates achieving SOC balance. To validate the practical effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, experimental verification was conducted. The experimental results demonstrated that under the same conditions, the method presented in this paper achieved a 50% reduction in the time required for SOC balancing and robustly proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control approach.

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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

Z. Liu, K. Zhang, D. Ren, J. Chen, W. Pu, G. Wang, "State‑of‑charge fast balancing control method based on simplified calculation for modular multilevel converter–battery energy storage systems," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 468-481, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01081-7.

[ACM Style]

Zhan Liu, Kai Zhang, Daopeng Ren, Junru Chen, Weiling Pu, and Guifeng Wang. 2026. State‑of‑charge fast balancing control method based on simplified calculation for modular multilevel converter–battery energy storage systems. Journal of Power Electronics, 26, 2, (2026), 468-481. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01081-7.