Sensorless control with time delay compensation for ultra-high-speed air compressor motors in fuel cell systems

This study discusses the compensation of time delays in ultra-high-speed applications. Sensorless controls are used to estimate the rotor speed and angle. In model-based sensorless control, the voltage and current signals are used for angle estimation as an input of the observer. A time delay occurs when calculating these signals. Especially in the high-speed operating range, these time delays degrade sensorless control performance. This study proposes a method to compensate for these time delays, which improves accurate angle estimation. The proposed time delay implementation method has been validated through simulations and experiments using a 15 kW, 150 kr/min surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor for high-speed air compressors of fuel cell systems, where the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency was 8:1.

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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

S. Kang, H. Lee, T. Woo, C. You, S. Lim, Y. Yoon, "Sensorless control with time delay compensation for ultra-high-speed air compressor motors in fuel cell systems," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 610-619, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01259-z.

[ACM Style]

Sung-Ho Kang, Hyun-Jun Lee, Tae-Gyeom Woo, Chang-Seok You, Sang-Hak Lim, and Young-Doo Yoon. 2026. Sensorless control with time delay compensation for ultra-high-speed air compressor motors in fuel cell systems. Journal of Power Electronics, 26, 3, (2026), 610-619. DOI: 10.1007/s43236-025-01259-z.